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多渠道增加城乡居民收入******

　　作者：杜海涛

　　居民收入持续增长，一定能够更好释放消费潜力，提振市场信心，形成共促高质量发展合力

　　中央经济工作会议提出：“要把恢复和扩大消费摆在优先位置。增强消费能力，改善消费条件，创新消费场景。多渠道增加城乡居民收入，支持住房改善、新能源汽车、养老服务等消费。”

　　提高城乡居民收入水平，尤其是中低收入人群的收入水平，是恢复和扩大消费的重要基础。党的十八大以来，我国不断深化收入分配制度改革，城乡和区域居民收入差距持续缩小，收入分配格局明显改善。各地区各部门持续完善消费市场环境，推动消费结构优化升级。消费对于扩大国内市场需求、推动经济社会发展的基础性作用日益凸显。

　　2022年前三季度，全国居民人均可支配收入27650元，比上年同期名义增长5.3%，扣除价格因素，实际增长3.2%。当前，我国经济恢复的基础尚不牢固，需求收缩、供给冲击、预期转弱三重压力仍然较大。多渠道增加城乡居民收入，增强消费能力，充分释放消费潜力，迫切需要多措并举、拓宽渠道。

　　落实落细就业优先政策，稳定市场主体，进一步提升劳动报酬和经营性收入。劳动报酬是城乡居民收入的主要来源，近年来，我国劳动报酬在初次分配中占比有所提高，但仍然有较大的提升空间。要进一步推进减税降费，减轻企业发展负担，鼓励更多创新创业类企业健康发展。目前，我国灵活就业人员规模较大，需要加快完善就业权益保障的政策与制度安排，提高中小微企业、个体工商户和灵活就业者的经营性收入。

　　完善分配制度，创新收入分配方式，广开增收门路。分配制度是促进共同富裕的基础性制度，要坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存，提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重。探索多种渠道增加中低收入群众要素收入，增加城乡居民财产性收入，实现居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步，劳动报酬提高与劳动生产率提高基本同步。

　　健全多层次社会保障体系，消除消费的后顾之忧。社会保障体系是人民生活的“安全网”和社会运行的“稳定器”。要深化医药卫生体制改革，完善基本养老保险全国统筹制度，发展多层次、多支柱养老保险体系，提升基本公共服务均等化水平。减轻居民家庭在住房、教育、育幼、医疗、养老等方面的支出负担,稳定消费预期。

　　多渠道增加城乡居民收入，特别是低收入群体收入。要加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，持续提高低收入群体收入。加大税收、社保、转移支付等调节力度和精准性，改善收入和财富分配格局，提升人力资本水平和人的全面发展能力，千方百计增加就业机会。

　　可以相信，随着居民收入持续增长，一定能够更好释放消费潜力，提振市场信心，切实发挥出消费支出对经济增长的基础性支撑作用，形成共促高质量发展合力，助推经济发展跃上新水平。

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）